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一、Consumer为何需要实现多线程

　　假设我们正在开发一个消息通知模块，该模块允许用户订阅其他用户发送的通知/消息。该消息通知模块采用Apache Kafka，那么整个架构应该是消息的发布者通过Producer调用API写入消息到Kafka Cluster中，然后消息的订阅者通过Consumer读取消息，刚开始的时候系统架构图如下：

kafka-consumer-simple

但是，随着用户数量的增多，通知的数据也会对应的增长。总会达到一个阈值，在这个点上，Producer产生的数量大于Consumer能够消费的数量。那么Broker中未消费的消息就会逐渐增多。即使Kafka使用了优秀的消息持久化机制来保存未被消费的消息，但是Kafka的消息保留机制限制（时间，分区大小，消息Key）也会使得始终未被消费的Message被永久性的删除。另一方面从业务上讲，一个消息通知系统的高延迟几乎算作是废物了。所以多线程的Consumer模型是非常有必要的。

二、多线程的Kafka Consumer 模型类别

　　基于Consumer的多线程模型有两种类型：

模型一：多个Consumer且每一个Consumer有自己的线程，对应的架构图如下：

kafka-multiple-consumer

模型二：一个Consumer且有多个Worker线程

kafka-multiple-consumer-worker

两种实现方式的优点/缺点比较如下： |名称|优点|缺点| |-|-|-| |模型一|1.Consumer Group容易实现
2.各个Partition的顺序实现更容易|1.Consumer的数量不能超过Partition的数量，否则多出的Consumer永远不会被使用到
2.因没个Consumer都需要一个TCP链接，会造成大量的系统性能损耗| |模型二|1.由于通过线程池实现了Consumer，横向扩展更方便|在每个Partition上实现顺序处理更困难。例如：同一个Partition上有两个待处理的Message需要被线程池中的2个线程消费掉，那这两个线程必须实现同步|

三、代码实现

3.1 前提

Kafka Broker 0.11.0 JDK1.8 IDEA Maven3 Kafka环境搭建及Topic创建修改等请参照本系列的前几篇文章。

3.2 源码结构

其中，consumergroup包下面对应的是模型一的代码，consumerthread包下是模型二的代码。ProducerThread是生产者代码。

3.3 pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.randy</groupId>
  <artifactId>kafka_multithread_consumer_model</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>kafka_multithread_consumer_model Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
      <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
      <version>0.11.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>kafka_multithread_consumer_model</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

3.4 方案一：Consumer Group

　　ProducerThread.java是一个生产者线程，发送消息到Broker

　　ConsumerThread.java是一个消费者线程，由于消费消息

　　ConsumerGroup.java用于产生一组消费者线程

　　ConsumerGroupMain.java是入口类

3.4.1 ProducerThread.java　
package com.randy;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.*;

import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  11:41
 * Comment :
 */
public class ProducerThread implements Runnable {
    private final Producer<String,String> kafkaProducer;
    private final String topic;

    public ProducerThread(String brokers,String topic){
        Properties properties = buildKafkaProperty(brokers);
        this.topic = topic;
        this.kafkaProducer = new KafkaProducer<String,String>(properties);

    }

    private static Properties buildKafkaProperty(String brokers){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("bootstrap.servers", brokers);
        properties.put("acks", "all");
        properties.put("retries", 0);
        properties.put("batch.size", 16384);
        properties.put("linger.ms", 1);
        properties.put("buffer.memory", 33554432);
        properties.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        properties.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        return properties;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("start sending message to kafka");
        int i = 0;
        while (true){
            String sendMsg = "Producer message number:"+String.valueOf(++i);
            kafkaProducer.send(new ProducerRecord<String, String>(topic,sendMsg),new Callback(){

                @Override
                public void onCompletion(RecordMetadata recordMetadata, Exception e) {
                    if(e != null){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println("Producer Message: Partition:"+recordMetadata.partition()+",Offset:"+recordMetadata.offset());
                }
            });
            // thread sleep 3 seconds every time
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("end sending message to kafka");
        }
    }
}
3.4.2 ConsumerThread.java
package com.randy.consumergroup;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  12:03
 * Comment :
 */
public class ConsumerThread implements Runnable {
    private static KafkaConsumer<String,String> kafkaConsumer;
    private final String topic;

    public ConsumerThread(String brokers,String groupId,String topic){
        Properties properties = buildKafkaProperty(brokers,groupId);
        this.topic = topic;
        this.kafkaConsumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, String>(properties);
        this.kafkaConsumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(this.topic));
    }

    private static Properties buildKafkaProperty(String brokers,String groupId){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("bootstrap.servers", brokers);
        properties.put("group.id", groupId);
        properties.put("enable.auto.commit", "true");
        properties.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
        properties.put("auto.offset.reset", "earliest");
        properties.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        return properties;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            ConsumerRecords<String,String> consumerRecords = kafkaConsumer.poll(100);
            for(ConsumerRecord<String,String> item : consumerRecords){
                System.out.println("Consumer Message:"+item.value()+",Partition:"+item.partition()+"Offset:"+item.offset());
            }
        }
    }
}
3.4.3 ConsumerGroup.java
package com.randy.consumergroup;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  14:09
 * Comment :
 */
public class ConsumerGroup {
    private final String brokers;
    private final String groupId;
    private final String topic;
    private final int consumerNumber;
    private List<ConsumerThread> consumerThreadList = new ArrayList<ConsumerThread>();

    public ConsumerGroup(String brokers,String groupId,String topic,int consumerNumber){
        this.groupId = groupId;
        this.topic = topic;
        this.brokers = brokers;
        this.consumerNumber = consumerNumber;
        for(int i = 0; i< consumerNumber;i++){
            ConsumerThread consumerThread = new ConsumerThread(brokers,groupId,topic);
            consumerThreadList.add(consumerThread);
        }
    }

    public void start(){
        for (ConsumerThread item : consumerThreadList){
            Thread thread = new Thread(item);
            thread.start();
        }
    }
}
3.4.4 ConsumerGroupMain.java　　
package com.randy.consumergroup;

import com.randy.ProducerThread;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  14:18
 * Comment :
 */
public class ConsumerGroupMain {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        String brokers = "Server2:9092";
        String groupId = "group01";
        String topic = "HelloWorld";
        int consumerNumber = 3;

        Thread producerThread = new Thread(new ProducerThread(brokers,topic));
        producerThread.start();

        ConsumerGroup consumerGroup = new ConsumerGroup(brokers,groupId,topic,consumerNumber);
        consumerGroup.start();
    }
}

3.5 方案二：多线程的Consumer

　　ConsumerThreadHandler.java用于处理发送到消费者的消息

　　ConsumerThread.java是消费者使用线程池的方式初始化消费者线程

　　ConsumerThreadMain.java是入口类

3.5.1 ConsumerThreadHandler.java
package com.randy.consumerthread;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  16:29
 * Comment :
 */
public class ConsumerThreadHandler implements Runnable {
    private ConsumerRecord consumerRecord;

    public ConsumerThreadHandler(ConsumerRecord consumerRecord){
        this.consumerRecord = consumerRecord;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Consumer Message:"+consumerRecord.value()+",Partition:"+consumerRecord.partition()+"Offset:"+consumerRecord.offset());
    }
}
3.5.2 ConsumerThread.java
package com.randy.consumerthread;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  16:42
 * Comment :
 */
public class ConsumerThread {

    private final KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
    private final String topic;
    // Threadpool of consumers
    private ExecutorService executor;


    public ConsumerThread(String brokers, String groupId, String topic){
        Properties properties = buildKafkaProperty(brokers,groupId);
        this.consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(properties);
        this.topic = topic;
        this.consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(this.topic));
    }

    public void start(int threadNumber){
        executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(threadNumber,threadNumber,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        while (true){
            ConsumerRecords<String,String> consumerRecords = consumer.poll(100);
            for (ConsumerRecord<String,String> item : consumerRecords){
                executor.submit(new ConsumerThreadHandler(item));
            }
        }
    }

    private static Properties buildKafkaProperty(String brokers, String groupId){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("bootstrap.servers", brokers);
        properties.put("group.id", groupId);
        properties.put("enable.auto.commit", "true");
        properties.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
        properties.put("auto.offset.reset", "earliest");
        properties.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        return properties;
    }
}
3.5.3 ConsumerThreadMain.java
package com.randy.consumerthread;

import com.randy.ProducerThread;

/**
 * Author  : RandySun (sunfeng152157@sina.com)
 * Date    : 2017-08-20  16:49
 * Comment :
 */
public class ConsumerThreadMain {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        String brokers = "Server2:9092";
        String groupId = "group01";
        String topic = "HelloWorld";
        int consumerNumber = 3;


        Thread producerThread = new Thread(new ProducerThread(brokers,topic));
        producerThread.start();

        ConsumerThread consumerThread = new ConsumerThread(brokers,groupId,topic);
        consumerThread.start(3);


    }
}

四. 总结

　　本篇文章列举了两种不同的消费者模式。两者各有利弊。所有代码都上传到了https://github.com/qizhelongdeyang/kafka_multithread_consumer_model.git ，如有疑问或者错误请指正

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